any of various fruits of plants (genus Cucurbita) of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae), widely cultivated as vegetables and for livestock feed. The principal species are C. maxima and certain varieties of C. pepo.

Summer squash is a quick-growing, small-fruited, nontrailing or bush type of C. pepo. Plants are upright and spreading, 45 to 75 cm (18 to 30 inches) high, and produce a great diversity of fruit forms, from flattened, through oblong, to elongate and crooked fruits, coloured from white through cream to yellow, green, and variegated. Fruit surfaces or contours may be scalloped, smooth, ridged, or warty. The fruits develop very rapidly and must be harvested a few days after they form (before the seeds and rinds harden) and used soon after harvest.

Winter varieties of squash, C. maxima, are long-vining, generally large-fruited, long-season kinds. The fruits after harvest can be stored many months (into wintertime) if kept dry and well above freezing. The fruit stems are greatly enlarged next to the fruits; the fruits show a wide range of sizes, shapes, and colours; and the rinds are relatively harder than those for summer squash and usually inedible to human tastes. See also pumpkin.

Some squash may be indigenous to Asia, but most evidence suggests that squash is native to the New World, where it was widely cultivated by the Indians before European settlement.

The fruit is usually served as a cooked vegetable, and the blossoms may also be cooked and eaten.