influential poet and translator associated with the Young Poland movement at the end of the 19th century.

After completing his education in Lwów, Staff moved to Kraków, which in the 1890s was the centre of Polish literary life. There he came into close contact with representatives of the Young Poland movement. In 1901 his Sny o potędze (“Dreams of Power”) showed his tendency to transcend, in original poetic imagery, the decadent character of the previous decade. Subsequently Staff published more than 30 volumes of poetry. From the outset of his literary career he showed a talent for handling poetic form; he would create new forms if the old seemed insufficient. A later collection, Ucho igielne (1927; “The Needle's Eye”), was dominated by religious feeling expressed in concise and direct verse. The deceptive simplicity of the poems in his last collection—Wiklina (1954; “Osiers”)—led Czesław Miłosz to compare them to Chinese ideograms. Staff also made translations and wrote some dramas, though this work is less well known than his poetry.