city, capital of Paraná estado (state), southern Brazil. It lies about 3,050 feet (930 metres) above sea level, near the Atlantic margin of the Brazilian Highlands and the headwaters of the Iguaçu River. It was founded in 1654 as a gold-mining camp, but the processing of maté (tea) and wood products brought long-term growth. In 1854 Curitiba became the state capital. From the early 19th century it received many German, Italian, and Polish settlers, and immigration continued during the 20th century with the arrival of Syrians and Japanese, as well as a massive influx of internal migrants from rural areas. Since 1940, Curitiba has had sustained rapid economic and population growth. From the early 1970s the city underwent extensive rejuvenation, which included the creation of new lakes and flood-control systems, large parks, and other recreational facilities. It also introduced recycling programs, zoning regulations, and specialized busing services that made it a model of clean environmental urban planning. Most of this development was under the direction of Jaime Lerner, an architect and engineer who held three terms as mayor of the city and two terms as governor of the state.

A modern commercial centre, the city's manufactures include automobiles, trucks, and buses; paper, furniture, textiles, cement, and tobacco. Curitiba is also an important processing centre for maté (tea), beer, soft drinks, lumber, and cattle. Products are exported via the Atlantic ports of Antonina and Paranaguá (34 miles 【55 km】 and 56 miles 【90 km】 east, respectively).