city, northeastern Ukraine, on the Psel River. Although a settlement existed there in the 8th and 9th centuries, Sumy was founded as a fortress in 1652 and as a town in 1780. Among survivals of its past are the Cathedral of the Transfiguration and the Church of the Resurrection, both 18th century. Sumy's industries have produced such products as machinery for the chemical industry, electron microscopes, pumps, and fertilizers and other chemicals. Light industries have included sugar refining and other food processing and the production of clothing and footwear. Teacher-training and cultural institutes also are located there. Pop. (2001) 293,141; (2005 est.) 282,198.