kotamadya (city), eastern Jawa Tengah provinsi (Central Java province), central Java, Indonesia. It lies along the Solo River. Once the capital of Surakarta principality under the Dutch, it was occupied by Japan during World War II and was later incorporated into the republic.

The city has broad, treelined streets with many modern buildings. Notable historic buildings include a palace (1745; of the susuhunan, one of the traditional princes of central Java), a prince's court (1788; that of the mangkunegaran, another traditional ruler), and a Dutch fort (1779; now a garrison headquarters). Renowned as an educational and cultural centre, Surakarta contains the University of Sebelas Maret, which was created in 1976 by consolidating nine existing institutions. The city also has a museum and a library.

The city is a market for the surrounding densely populated agricultural area, which produces tobacco, sugar, rice, coconuts, fruits and vegetables, and cassava. The making of batik cloth is a main industry, as are the manufacture of cigarettes, furniture, and textiles; there is also jewelry making and a metal foundry. Local handicrafts are pottery making, wood and bone carving, and the making of musical instruments. The city is an important cultural centre for central Javanese dance, music, and literature and is linked by road, rail, and air to the rest of Java. Pop. (2000) 490,214.