city, northeastern tip of Mindanao Island (Mindanao), Philippines. Surigao was one of the earliest places of Spanish settlement in the Philippines; the Royal House was the residence of the Spanish governor.

Surigao, a port and trading centre, lies just southeast of Bilaa Point on the Surigao Strait. South of the city, fishing, lumbering, and farming (coconuts, abaca 【Manila hemp】, and rice) are economically important. Most of these activities are carried out by the Cebuano people, a subgroup of the Visayan (Bisayan) peoples, who compose the largest population segment of northern Mindanao.

The city has ferry service to southern Leyte Island and is the northern terminus of a highway running south to Davao. Nonoc Island, about 10 miles (16 km) northeast, contains one of the world's largest nickel deposits and has been mined since 1974. Lake Mainit lies about 17 miles (28 km) south of the city. Inc. city, 1970. Pop. (2000) 118,534.