city, northern Victoria, Australia, on the Murray River, northwest of Melbourne. It is the chief market centre for the southern section of the irrigated Riverina district of New South Wales. The site was named in the 1830s by the explorer Thomas (later Sir Thomas) Mitchell, who was kept sleepless there by the calls of swans. Settled in 1846 by sheepherders, the community prospered as a river port during the paddle-steamer era. Situated in an area of intense fruit, grape, wheat, dairy, and vegetable farming, the city has factories to process the crops. Other industries include engineering and plasterboard manufacture. Swan Hill holds an annual Shakespearean festival. The Pioneer Settlement Museum (established 1961) re-creates the region's colonial past. There is also an art gallery and, at nearby Lake Boga, the Flying Boat Museum on the site of a World War II seaplane repair base. Swan Hill became a shire in 1893, a borough in 1939, and a city in 1965. Pop. (2001) urban centre, 9,738.