French political figure who was an important parliamentary leader during the Third Republic and served as its 10th president (Feb. 17 to Sept. 20, 1920).

Deschanel was a brilliant student of philosophy, law, and literature who chose to combine journalism and politics for a career. After a brief term in the prefectorial administration, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from the Eure-et-Loir département (1885). He took a seat with the Progressive Republicans and concentrated on social problems and foreign affairs. He was elected to the Académie Française in 1899 and throughout his life continued to write books on politics and literature, including La Question sociale (1898), Orateurs et hommes d'état (1888), Essai de philosophie politique (1899), and Gambetta (1920).

Deschanel served two terms as president of the Chamber of Deputies (1898–1902; 1912–20). When he was elected president of the republic, he was the first person with no prior ministerial experience to attain that post. His brief term was marked by ministerial instability and his own deteriorating health, which forced his resignation after only seven months.