city, Haryana (Haryāna) state, northwestern India. It is connected by road and rail with Delhi (south) and Ambala (north). The plain of Panipat was the site of three decisive battles in Indian history in the 16th and 18th centuries. Panipat was constituted a municipality in 1867. Wool and cotton milling, saltpetre refining, and the manufacture of glass, electrical appliances, and bricks are the city's chief industries. Panipat has several colleges affiliated with Kurukshetra University. Pop. (2001) city, 261,740; urban agglom., 354,148.