segment of the Middle Rocky Mountains in the western United States, extending southward for 40 miles (64 km) across northwestern Wyoming, from the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park to Teton Pass, just west of Jackson. Some foothills reach into southeastern Idaho. Many peaks exceed 12,000 feet (3,700 metres); Grand Teton, at 13,766 feet (4,196 metres), is the highest point, towering more than 7,000 feet (2,130 metres) above Jackson Hole, a fertile valley and noted ski resort area at its eastern base. The range is the source of Teton Creek (one of the main source streams of the Teton River), which flows on the western slope of the range, and much of it lies within Grand Teton National Park.

The Tetons consist of a gigantic fault block uplifted from the Earth's crust beginning some six million years ago; the valley of Jackson Hole represents a corresponding subsiding block along the fault line. The mountains rise abruptly in the east along the fault line but much more gradually in the west. Over time great glaciers covered the mountains and slowly crunched their way down the slopes, forming characteristic U-shaped canyons. Melting as they reached bottom, these glaciers deposited enormous quantities of rock and debris into accumulations known as moraines. Remnant glaciers dot the higher peaks.

Archaeological evidence shows human presence in the area some 11,000 years ago. Prior to 1600 the inhabitants were Athabaskan-speaking Native Americans; later groups included the Shoshone, Crow, and Blackfoot. The first recorded exploration of the mountains was by John Colter (Colter, John), a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition who left the team on its return journey to explore the region; Colter claimed to have reached the mountains in 1807–08. An era of fur trapping ensued in the vicinity. Early 19th-century French fur trappers referred to the South, Middle, and Grand eminences as les trois tétons (“the three breasts”), hence the range's name. The first ascent of Grand Teton was said to have been made on July 29, 1872, by Nathaniel P. Langford and James Stevenson. The mountains, with their wide range of mountaineering challenges, have become one of the top climbing destinations in the country.