American author and illustrator of children's books (children's literature) noted for his comic coterie of peculiar characters. In 1948 he was awarded the Newbery Medal for The Twenty-One Balloons (1947).

Born into a family of artists, du Bois studied art in France and published books for children from the mid-1930s. He served in World War II as a correspondent for Yank and other magazines and became the first art director of The Paris Review in 1953. His most acclaimed book, The Twenty-One Balloons, is about a retired math teacher who refuses to tell anyone but the Western American Explorer's Club about his fantastic journey by hot-air balloon to the volcano of Krakatoa.

In his uncompleted series about the seven deadly sins, du Bois profiled sloth in Lazy Tommy Pumpkinhead (1966), pride in Pretty Pretty Peggy Moffitt (1968), gluttony in Porko von Popbutton (1969), and avarice in Call Me Bandicoot (1970). A huge otterhound named Otto is the hero of another series of books. The Alligator Case (1965) and The Horse in the Camel Suit (1967) parody the detective novels of Raymond Chandler (Chandler, Raymond). Several of du Bois's books feature bears, such as Bear Party (1951), Bear Circus (1971), and the semiautobiographical Gentleman Bear (1983). His other works include The Flying Locomotive (1941), Peter Graves (1950), Lion (1956), and The Forbidden Forest (1978). He also illustrated editions of books by such notable authors as Edward Lear (Lear, Edward), Jules Verne (Verne, Jules), Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur), Isaac Bashevis Singer (Singer, Isaac Bashevis), Roald Dahl (Dahl, Roald), and Mark Strand (Strand, Mark).