African-American author of poetry and fiction who wrote about the clash between black and white cultures.

Dumas grew up in Arkansas and in New York City's Harlem. While in the U.S. Air Force (1953–57) he won creative-writing awards for his contributions to Air Force periodicals. He attended City College in New York and Rutgers University (1958–61) and studied with jazz artist-philosopher Sun Ra; he then taught at Hiram College (1967) and Southern Illinois University (1967–68). Religion (especially Christianity), African-American folklore and music, and the civil-rights movement, in which he was active, were important influences on his writing.

The vulnerability of black children amid the Southern white lynch-mob mentality, a young sharecropper encountering a civil-rights worker, and whites experiencing the mystical force of black music are among the subjects Dumas examined in his short stories, many of which were collected in Ark of Bones (1970) and Rope of Wind (1979). Nature, revolutionary politics, and music are especially frequent subjects of his poetry, which is noted for its faithfulness to the language and cadence of African-American speech. Poetry for My People (1970; republished as Play Ebony, Play Ivory, 1974) is a collection of blues-influenced verse. Dumas, who was murdered, left an unfinished novel, Jonoah and the Green Stone, which was published in 1976.