queen consort of King Henry III of England (ruled 1216–72); her widespread unpopularity intensified the severe conflicts between the King and his barons.

Eleanor's father was Raymond Berengar IV, count of Provence, and her mother was the daughter of Thomas I, count of Savoy. The marriage of Eleanor and Henry (January 1236) was designed to further the King's continental ambitions. Eleanor soon alienated the barons by having her Savoyard and Provençal uncles installed in high offices in England.

After rebel barons captured Henry and took over the government in May 1264, Eleanor became the leader of the royalist exiles in France. She raised an invasion force, but her fleet was wrecked at Sluis, Flanders. Nevertheless, the rebels were crushed in August 1265, and Eleanor then returned to England. Upon the death of Henry and the accession of her son Edward I, she retired to a nunnery at Amesbury.