Soviet general who helped the Red Army withstand German forces during the early part of World War II.

Having fought in World War I and the Russian Civil War, Timoshenko held several regional military commands during the 1930s. In January 1940 during the Russo-Finnish War, he was placed in command of faltering Soviet forces, and by March he had forced the Finns to sue for peace. Named a marshal of the Soviet Union and commissar for defense in May 1940, he worked to upgrade military training and tactical planning as well as to improve Soviet forces' preparedness for a defense against German invasion. He held a succession of important commands during World War II.