statement of a Greek theory of comedy found in a 10th-century manuscript (published 1839) in the collection of Henri Charles du Cambout de Coislin. The treatment of comedy displays marked Aristotelian influence, even to the point of paralleling the model offered in the Poetics. The Tractatus is assumed to be either a version of a lost Aristotelian original or a statement of the Aristotelian tradition. Accordingly, as with tragedy, comedy must bring about a catharsis but through the use of laughter and pleasure. Comic plots include ludicrous mishaps, deception, unexpected developments, and clumsy dances. Characters include impostors, self-deprecators, and buffoons. While the language of comedy should be realistic, it may attain added comic force through the use of puns, dialect, and word malformations.