Orientalist who propounded (1873) a “literal” interpretation of the Song of Solomon (Solomon, Song of), which, despite its presence in the Old Testament, he read as an anthology of love songs having no religious or allegorical significance. A similar idea had been advanced by the philosopher and theologian Johann Gottfried von Herder (Herder, Johann Gottfried von), but Wetzstein's observations of Syrian marriage customs (he was Prussian consul at Damascus, 1848–62) gave substance to the theory. Widely accepted for a time, his interpretation was partly superseded by and partly assimilated by the fertility cult–mythological view, proposed early in the 20th century.