Czech pianist, one of the outstanding virtuosos of his era.

Moscheles studied at the Prague Conservatory and later at Vienna under J.G. Albrechtsberger and Antonio Salieri. In 1814, commissioned by Artaria & Co., publishers, he made the first piano arrangement of Ludwig van Beethoven's (Beethoven, Ludwig van) opera Fidelio, under the composer's supervision. After giving piano recitals in Germany and France, he settled in London in 1821. In 1829 he took part in the first London performance of the Concerto for Two Pianos by Felix Mendelssohn, who had been his pupil. He conducted the first English performance of Beethoven's Missa Solemnis and later conducted Beethoven's Ninth Symphony at the Philharmonic Society, of which he was a regular conductor from 1845. From 1846 he was principal professor of piano at the Leipzig Conservatory, and his reputation and skill as a teacher were important factors in the continued success of that institution.

Moscheles belonged to a conservative school of piano playing that did not lend itself to the works of Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt; of the younger composers of his day, he leaned more toward Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann. Nevertheless, his explorations of the gradations of tone colour influenced Liszt as well as Schumann. He was also admired for his brilliant extempore performances. His own compositions include eight piano concerti, studies, and chamber works.