politician and historian, the leader of Mexican conservatives for nearly 30 years and the spokesman for a strong, centralized government that would support industrialization, educational expansion, and agricultural modernization. Living during a corrupt and brutal period of Mexican politics, he stood out as an honest and honourable political figure.

Born in an area of extensive gold and silver mining, Alamán was trained as a mining engineer. He served in 1819 as the Mexican deputy in the Cortes (Spanish Parliament) and sought money and technical assistance for the Mexican mining industry. In Europe he developed a lifelong admiration for the stability of British political institutions.

Returning to an independent Mexico in 1822, Alamán served first as foreign minister under Guadalupe Victoria (Victoria, Guadalupe) (1824–29), then as the powerful and influential chief minister of Anastasio Bustamante (1829–32). Alamán's career was marked by his frequent controversies with the United States and his ambitious, but unfulfilled, economic and political plans. He slowed down migration from the United States into Texas (at that time part of Mexico) and interfered with the signing of a trade treaty. His economic schemes, which attempted to force Mexico into rapid industrialization, were perhaps utopian for the primitive Mexican economy and remained only as plans on paper.

Alamán, as a historian, was the founder of the National Museum (National Museum of Anthropology) and the General Archive in Mexico City and is remembered for his historical works Disertaciones sobre la historia de la república mejicana, 3 vol. (1844–49; “Dissertations on the History of the Mexican Republic”), and Historia de México, 5 vol. (1848–52).