city, northwestern Nicaragua. It lies along the Estelí River in the central highlands, at an elevation of 2,674 feet (815 m). A Spanish settlement founded near prehistoric carved-stone figures, it was a scene of heavy fighting between Sandinista guerrillas and government troops in 1978–79 that left much of the centre of the city in ruins; it remains to be rebuilt. Estelí is an agricultural and commercial centre, with sawmilling, tanning, and the manufacturing of hats. It lies on the Pan-American Highway north of Managua, the national capital. The surrounding area, despite its rugged relief, is important for the production of livestock, coffee, cotton, tobacco, sesame, cheese, and various fruits and vegetables. Pop. (2005) urban area, 90,294.