city, north-central Georgia, on the Bolshaya Liakhvi River. It is the leading city of an area populated by a Caucasian people known as Ossetes, or Ossetians. Tskhinvali is the capital of the breakaway region of South Ossetia.

In the late 1980s Tskhinvali became the centre of a separatist movement that sought independence for South Ossetia. In 1991–92 the city was damaged during heavy fighting between Ossetian and Georgian forces. Following a cease-fire in 1992, Russian peacekeeping troops were stationed there. Tskhinvali has varied industries, including electrical and mechanical engineering and food-processing and woodworking concerns. The city's economy, however, struggled as the conflict with Georgia continued into the early 21st century. A local museum, teacher-training institute, and medical school are located in Tskhinvali. Pop. (latest est.) 42,934.