Scottish poet who was one of the leading figures of the 18th-century revival of Scots vernacular writing and the chief forerunner of Robert Burns (Burns, Robert).

Fergusson was educated at the University of St. Andrews and became a copying clerk in a lawyer's office in Edinburgh. In 1771 he began to contribute poems to Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine. Although he was noted for the vivacity of temperament reflected in his verse, from 1773 his good spirits were encroached upon by fits of depression and religious guilt, and after suffering a severe head injury in a fall he became insane. He died in the Edinburgh asylum at the age of 24.

Fergusson's poems were popular from their first appearance, and a collected volume came out in 1773. He wrote in both Scots and English, but the English verse has little value. His Scots poems—racy, realistic, wittily descriptive and humorous—had a stimulating effect on Burns, whose “Holy Fair” and “The Cotter's Saturday Night” stem from Fergusson's “Leith Races” and “The Farmer's Ingle.” But vigorous poems like “The Daft Days,” “Address to the Tron Kirk Bell,” and the famous “Auld Reekie” prove how well Fergusson can stand as a poet in his own right.