city, northeastern Okayama ken (prefecture), western Honshu, Japan. It lies along the upper Yoshii River, in the centre of the Tsuyama basin. A castle was built there in 1442. An important post town during the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867), Tsuyama is still a centre of traditional home industries, producing tabi (socks), sickles, and silk gauze textiles. The remains of the castle and old buildings around it attract tourists. In the suburban agricultural area, rice, wheat, and dairy cattle are raised. Pop. (2005 prelim.) 110,565.