French scholar and writer who, through his interest in foreign literatures and cultures, contributed to the development of the study of comparative literature and to the revival of literary-historical studies.

He was educated at the Oratorian colleges of Tournon and Lyons, but, during the French Revolution, his political sympathies were with the Republicans. Fauriel served in the army and in 1799 became private secretary to the minister of police, Joseph Fouché. He resigned after three years when he felt that Napoleon was becoming too ambitious. At about this time, his first literary efforts—articles in the Décade Philosophique—were noticed and approved by Madame de Staël. Another friend, François Guizot, helped him to gain the chair of foreign literature at the Sorbonne after the July Revolution in 1830. In 1836 he was elected to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

Fauriel's Chants populaires de la Grèce moderne, 2 vol. (1824–25; “Popular Songs of Modern Greece”) served the dual causes of poetry and Greek independence and brought his name before a wide public. His other works include Histoire de la Gaule méridionale sous la domination des conquérants germains, 4 vol. (1836; “History of Southern Gaul Under the Rule of the German Conquerors”); a translation of a Provençal poem on the Albigensian Crusade—Histoire de la croisade contre les hérétiques albigeois (1837; “History of the Crusade Against the Albigensian Heretics”); and two posthumously published works, Histoire de la poésie provençale, 3 vol. (1846; History of Provençal Poetry) and Dante et les origines de la langue et de la littérature italiennes, 2 vol. (1854; “Dante and the Origins of the Italian Language and Literature”). Fauriel's memoirs were found among the papers of Madame de Condorcet, with whom he had a liaison, and were published by L. Lalanne under the title Les Derniers Jours du consulat (1886; “The Last Days of the Consulate”).