Spanish historian and representative figure in the movement to reform education under Charles III; he was the major scholar behind the 51-volume España sagrada (“Sacred Spain”), a monument of 18th-century historiography.

In 1718 Flórez entered the Augustinian order and studied philosophy with the priests of Piedrahita, moving a year later to teach in the Augustinian college of Salamanca. After earning his doctorate from the universities of Santo Tomás, Ávila, and Alcalá, he moved further from strictly theological studies and dedicated himself to historical scholarship. Named rector of the Colegio de Alcalá in 1739 and supported by a pension from Charles III, he undertook a series of expeditions around the Iberian peninsula in 1754 to acquire additional information for his studies. Out of these journeys came much of the material for his España sagrada (1754–1879), of which he himself completed 29 volumes. An encyclopaedic collection of ecclesiastical manuscripts, charters, and documents contained in Spanish archives, the work is endowed with a critical sense and methodological strictness. Twenty-two subsequent volumes were completed by his successors.

In addition to the España sagrada, Flórez wrote the Clave historial (1743; “Key to Historical Methodology”), a discourse on methods of writing history; the Memorias de las reynas católicas (1761; “Memoirs of the Catholic Queens”), a genealogical account of Catholic queens in the Castilian line from the Goths until the reign of Charles III; and several memoranda on the conservation of books and publication of ancient manuscripts.