Values of the constant of gravitation

author year method G (in units of 10^–11

m³s^–2kg^–1)

H. Cavendish 1798 torsion balance (deflection) 6.754

J.H. Poynting 1891 common balance 6.698

C.V. Boys 1895 torsion balance (deflection) 6.658

C. Braun 1897 torsion balance (deflection) 6.658

C. Braun 1897 torsion balance (period) 6.658

P.R. Heyl 1930 torsion balance (period) 6.669

J. Zahradnicek 1932 torsion balance (resonance) 6.659

P.R. Heyl, P. Chrzanowski 1942 torsion balance (period) 6.672

C. Pontikis 1972 torsion balance (resonance) 6.6714

G.G. Luther and W.R. Towler 1982 torsion balance (period) 6.6726

H. de Boer 1987 mercury flotation (deflection) 6.667

W. Michaelis et al. 1996 flotation (null deflection) 6.7164

C.H. Bagley and G.G. Luther 1997 torsion balance (period) 6.6740

O.V. Karagioz et al. 1998 torsion balance (period) 6.6729

J. Luo et al. 1999 torsion balance (period) 6.6699

M.P. Fitzgerald, T.R. Armstrong 1999 torsion balance (null deflection) 6.6742

F. Nolting et al. 1999 common balance 6.6754

U. Kleinvoss et al. 1999 pendulum deflection 6.6735

J.H. Gundlach, S.M. Merkowitz 2000 torsion balance (acceleration) 6.67422

T.J. Quinn et al. 2001 torsion balance (servo) 6.67553

T.J. Quinn et al. 2001 torsion balance (deflection) 6.67565