American lawyer and public official who was secretary of state from 1977 to 1980 during the administration of President Jimmy Carter (Carter, Jimmy).

Vance received his bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1939. Following graduation from the Yale law school in 1942, he enlisted in the navy and served until 1946, after which he joined a Wall Street law firm.

Vance was appointed general counsel for the Department of Defense in 1960. In 1962 he became secretary of the army, and in 1963 President Lyndon B. Johnson (Johnson, Lyndon B.) named him deputy secretary of defense. Vance was initially a vigorous advocate of U.S. prosecution of the Vietnam War. After he resigned his Pentagon post in mid-1967, however, his views changed, and by 1968 he was urging Johnson to stop the bombing of North Vietnam. In May 1968 Johnson chose Vance as deputy chief delegate to the Paris peace talks on Vietnam. Vance served under Averell Harriman, handling many negotiations himself. In 1969 he returned to private law practice.

Vance reentered public service when Jimmy Carter (Carter, Jimmy) selected him to head the State Department. Vance sought to continue the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, and he worked to procure the SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) II arms-control treaty of 1979. He played a crucial role in the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978. The following year he oversaw the negotiations in which the United States agreed to give Panama complete control of the Panama Canal by 2000. Vance worked vigorously during 1979–80 to secure the release of captive (Iran hostage crisis) U.S. diplomats in Iran but resigned from the cabinet over opposition to Carter's abortive rescue mission in the spring of 1980. He returned to private law practice but remained a sought-after negotiator. Vance's Hard Choices: Critical Years in America's Foreign Policy was published in 1983.