Dutch-American colonial merchant and public official who was the first native-born mayor of New York City and chief justice of the Supreme Court of New York.

Van Cortlandt began a successful and profitable mercantile career under his father's guidance. After the British conquest of New Netherlands in 1664, he succeeded in ingratiating himself with the new rulers and was able to continue his commercial enterprises. He was appointed a member of the governor's council in 1674. Three years later, he became the first native-born mayor of New York City. When the Dominion of New England was established, he was selected as one of the provincial councillors to serve under Governor Sir Edmund Andros. After James II had been deposed, Jacob Leisler (Leisler, Jacob) led a revolt against the provincial government in 1689, forcing Van Cortlandt to flee the colony. Van Cortlandt later returned to the colony and subsequently was among the New York aristocrats advocating the prosecution and execution of Leisler. Van Cortlandt amassed vast landholdings, which were incorporated in 1697 into the Manor of Cortlandt.