leading New Zealand writer of novels, short fiction, and poetry. Her works were noted for their explorations of alienation and isolation.

Frame's early years were traumatic. Her childhood was marked by poverty and the drowning deaths of two sisters, and in 1945, while studying to be a teacher, she suffered a breakdown. Misdiagnosed as a schizophrenic, she spent nearly a decade in psychiatric hospitals. During this time she read the classics voraciously and began to write. In 1951, while still a patient, her first book, The Lagoon, was published. A collection of short stories, it expresses the sense of isolation and insecurity of those who feel they do not fit into a normal world. Frame was scheduled to have a lobotomy until hospital officials learned that she had won a literary award for The Lagoon. The procedure was canceled, and Frame was released in 1955.

Frame's first novel, Owls Do Cry (1957), was an experimental book, incorporating both poetry and prose and lacking a conventional plot. It investigates the worth of the individual and the ambiguous border between sanity and madness. In all her novels, Frame depicts a society deprived of wholeness by its refusal to come to terms with disorder, irrationality, and madness. Among her later novels are Faces in the Water (1961), The Edge of the Alphabet (1962), Snowman, Snowman: Fables and Fantasies (1963), Scented Gardens for the Blind (1963), The Adaptable Man (1965), A State of Siege (1966), The Rainbirds (1968), Intensive Care (1970), Daughter Buffalo (1972), Living in the Maniototo (1979), and The Carpathians (1988).