tsar who ruled Russia briefly (April–June 1605) during the Time of Troubles (Troubles, Time of) (1598–1613).

The son of Boris Godunov (reigned 1598–1605), Fyodor received an excellent education and was well acquainted with state affairs when his father unexpectedly died and he ascended the Russian throne (April 13 【April 23】, 1605). His rule was immediately challenged, however, by the first False Dmitry, a pretender to the throne, who, claiming to be the son of Ivan IV the Terrible (reigned 1547–84) and the legitimate heir to the throne, had invaded Russia in October 1604 in an effort to overthrow Boris Godunov. After Fyodor's military commander shifted his support to the pretender, Fyodor's mother tried to take power and control the situation. Her action, however, aroused the hostility of the boyars (boyar) (members of the powerful Russian aristocracy), who provoked a Moscow mob to riot and to murder Fyodor and his mother; immediately afterward the first False Dmitry entered Moscow and assumed the throne of Russia.