city, north-central Portugal. Lying on the northeast side of the Estrela Mountains (Serra da Estrela) at an elevation of 3,465 ft (1,056 m), it is Portugal's highest city.

Founded in 1197, Guarda was given a royal charter by Sancho I and was to be a guard (whence its name) against the Moorish invaders. The Gothic cathedral (built 1390–1540) contrasts with the austere granite houses of the city. Other landmarks include the Blacksmith's Tower and two gates (12th–13th centuries), the Mileu Chapel (11th–12th centuries), and a 12th-century castle. Its industries include leatherwork, metallurgy, and distilling. Although retaining its traditional character in the city, Guarda has excellent transportation links—east-west via road to Coimbra and Spain, respectively, and north-south skirting the Estrela Mountains. Rail links, too, extend east into Spain and other directions. Pop. (2001) city, 25,807.