city, capital of Veracruz estado (state), east-central Mexico. About 55 miles (90 km) northwest of Veracruz city, Xalapa is located beneath towering volcanic peaks in the Sierra Madre Oriental, at an elevation of about 4,680 feet (1,425 metres). Known for its scenic backdrop and its lush tropical vegetation, Xalapa is often called the “Flower Garden of Mexico.” It has long been the leading processing centre of Mexico's coffee crop, which is grown on both smallholdings and large estates in the surrounding mountains, and it also processes tobacco and tropical fruits. Manufactures include cigarettes, processed foods, and beverages. Xalapa's service sector depends largely on income from government functions, educational institutions, and retail trade.

When the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés (Cortés, Hernán, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca) marched through Xalapa in 1519, it was a thriving Indian village. It became famous in colonial days for its annual fair, held to trade the goods brought from Cádiz, Spain, by the returning Spanish silver fleet. The massive Spanish-Moorish architecture of the city is reminiscent of the viceregal era. Xalapa is the site of the main campus of Veracruz University (1944). Its anthropological museum (founded 1957) displays Olmec, Totonac, and Huastec artifacts, including giant Olmec head statues. The city is accessible by railroad and highway. Pop. (2000) city, 373,076.