Argentine novelist and poet best remembered for his novel Don Segundo Sombra (1926). This work is a poetic interpretation of the Argentinian gaucho, the free-spirited vagabond cattle herder of the pampas (grasslands), and it has become a classic work of Spanish American literature.

The son of a wealthy landowner, Güiraldes spent his boyhood on his family's ranch in the province of Buenos Aires, where he learned the complex traditions of the gaucho. In 1910 he made the first of many journeys to Paris, becoming acquainted there with avant-garde French writers. His first volume of poetry and prose, El cencerro de cristal (1915; “The Crystal Bell”), was harshly received by critics because of its stylistic idiosyncracies but has since been recognized as the forerunner of post-World War I literary innovation in Argentina.

Güiraldes soon turned almost exclusively to prose, publishing several novels and short stories that combine his sophisticated formal approaches with his deep and sentimental feeling for his native land and its traditional themes, as in Cuentos de muerte y de sangre (1915; “Tales of Death and of Blood”) and Xaimaca (1923; “Jamaica”). In Don Segundo Sombra, the work considered his masterpiece, he combined poetic description of country life with a subtle portrayal of the cattleman Don Segundo, a re-creation of the mythical gaucho, national symbol and folk hero of Argentina.