English writer, librarian, and the head of the Garnett family, which exerted a formative influence on the development of modern British writing. From the age of 15 until his retirement in 1899 he was in the employ of the British Museum.

After initially working as a clerk, Garnett served as keeper of the printed books, the position his philologist father, Richard, had previously held. He later became chief keeper of the museum and received an honorary LL.D. degree from Edinburgh. Largely through his efforts, a general catalog of the British Museum was published in 1905, after 25 years of preparation. In 1862 Garnett published some previously undiscovered poetry of Shelley. Garnett's other published works were biographical and historical, in addition to poetry, translations, and essays. Best known among his fiction is The Twilight of the Gods, and Other Tales (1888), a collection of fables in the style of Lucian. In the British Museum, he became a legend to generations of readers and researchers for his extensive scholarship and prodigious memory.