Australian pathologist who was corecipient, with Barry J. Marshall (Marshall, Barry J.), of the 2005 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discovery that stomach ulcers are an infectious disease caused by bacteria.

Warren received a bachelor's degree from the University of Adelaide in 1961. He worked at several hospitals before becoming in 1968 a pathologist at Royal Perth Hospital, where he remained until his retirement in 1999.

When Warren began his prizewinning research, physicians believed that peptic ulcers (sores in the stomach lining) were caused by an excess of gastric acid, which was commonly blamed on a stressful lifestyle or rich diet. In 1979 he first observed the presence of spiral-shaped bacteria in a biopsy of the stomach lining from a patient. It defied the conventional wisdom that bacteria could not survive in the highly acidic environment of the stomach, and many scientists dismissed his reports. His research during the next two years showed, however, that the bacteria were often in stomach tissue and almost always in association with gastritis (an inflammation of the stomach lining). In the early 1980s Warren began working with Marshall to pin down the clinical significance of the bacteria. They studied 100 stomach biopsies and found that the bacteria were present in almost all patients with gastritis, duodenal ulcer, or gastric ulcer. Citing these findings, Warren and Marshall proposed that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori was involved in causing those illnesses. Their work led to a new treatment—a regimen of antibiotics and acid-secretion inhibitors—for peptic ulcer disease.

In 2007 Warren was made a Companion of the Order of Australia.