city, Thuringia Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies along the Weisse Elster River, southwest of Leipzig. First mentioned in 995 and by 1237 referred to as a town, it became part of the principality of Meissen in 1547. Passing to the Reuss family in 1562, it became their residence and capital from 1564 to 1918. Although largely destroyed by fire in 1639, 1686, and 1780, the city was always rebuilt. Gera is a rail junction and manufactures textiles, metal products, machinery, and electrical equipment. It suffered heavy damage in World War II, after which a new city centre was built. Notable buildings include the Osterstein Palace (1686–1735), the seat of the Reuss princes, and the Baroque and Renaissance buildings around the market square. Gera contains history and natural history museums, and the Orangery houses an art gallery that features the works of the painter Otto Dix (Dix, Otto). Pop. (2003 est.) 106,365.