Belgian Catholic statesman and historian and a parliamentary leader in the first years of the Belgian kingdom established in 1830. He helped Leopold of Saxe-Coburg become the first king of the Belgians as Leopold I in 1831.

After practicing law in Paris under the Napoleonic regime, Gerlache moved to Liège following the creation of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands in 1815 and became a member of the States General (later, the National Assembly). Although he favoured maintaining the union of the Dutch and Belgian provinces, his support for the coalition of the Belgian Catholic and Liberal parties (1828) helped pave the way for the Belgian Revolution of 1830 (1830, Revolutions of). He subsequently supported the rebel government and, as president of the National Congress (1831), nominated Leopold of Saxe-Coburg for the Belgian monarchy. He resigned as president of the Chamber of Representatives in 1832.

A baron from 1844, Gerlache served as president of the Cour de Cassation (Supreme Court of Appeal; 1832–67) and presided at the Catholic conferences at Mechelen (1863–67). The increasing Catholic, conservative, and anti-Dutch tendencies of his thought were reflected in his Histoire du royaume des Pays-Bas (1839; “History of the Kingdom of The Netherlands”) and his "Essai sur le mouvement des partis en Belgique" (1852; “Essay on the Party Movement in Belgium”). A complete edition of his works in six volumes appeared in 1874–75.