market town, Eure département, Haute-Normandie région, northwestern France. It lies in the valley of the Epte River, northwest of Paris and southwest of Beauvais. The early town was dominated by an 11th- and 12th-century castle built by the kings of England and France, and its strategic position on the frontier of Normandy caused it to be strongly contested during the 12th century. In 1193, when Richard I, king of England, was held a prisoner in Germany on his return from a crusade, Philip II of France (Philip Augustus) seized the stronghold. Richard almost retook it after a memorable battle four years later. Surrounded by walls with 12 towers, the castle has a central donjon inside a large courtyard. The Church of Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais dates from the 13th–16th century and is a harmonious edifice in spite of having been built in numerous styles. Along with much of the rest of the centre of the town, it was damaged during the German invasion in 1940 but has been restored. Pop. (1999) 10,882; (2005 est.) 11,400.