city, seat (1882) of Wichita county, northern Texas, U.S. The city is located on the Wichita River in the Red River Valley, 115 miles (185 km) northwest of Fort Worth. Founded in 1876, it was named for the Wichita Indians and the low-water river falls that existed there until 1886, when they were washed away by a flood. (A falls, with 35,000 gallons 【130,000 litres】 recirculating per minute, has been recreated as a tourist attraction.) After the arrival (1882) of the Fort Worth and Denver City Railroad, it became a cattle centre.

With the local discovery of oil and gas fields in the 1900s, the city developed petroleum industries. Agriculture (cotton, grains, and cattle), based on the surrounding irrigated region, remains an important part of a balanced economy, which includes some manufacturing. Midwestern State University was established there as a junior college in 1922; the campus contains a centre for the arts and humanities named after popular novelist Larry McMurtry (McMurtry, Larry), who was born in Wichita Falls. In April 1964 a tornado devastated the city and collapsed a hangar at nearby Sheppard Air Force Base. The city's Railroad Museum contains vintage railway cars. Lake Arrowhead State Park is located southwest of the city. Inc. 1889. Pop. (1990) city, 96,259; Wichita Falls MSA, 122,378; (2000) city, 104,197; Wichita Falls MSA, 140,518.