novelist, poet, playwright, and philosopher who was one of the most intelligent contemporary critics of the French Symbolist movement. His prolific writings, many of which were translated into English, disseminated the Symbolist aesthetic doctrines.

After studying law at Caen, Gourmont accepted a position in 1881 at the Bibliothèque Nationale, where he developed his wide interests and erudition before being dismissed in 1891 for publishing an allegedly unpatriotic article in the Mercure de France, a journal he had helped to found.

His 50 published volumes are mainly collections of essays. They include: (1) Epilogues (1903–13), a running commentary on contemporary events and persons; (2) Promenades littéraires (1904–27) and Promenades philosophiques (1905–09), literary and philosophical essays; and (3) books devoted to studies of style, language, and aesthetics.

Gourmont believed in the relativity of all truths; his strength as a critic was grounded in the completely aesthetic basis of his literary critiques. His approach to literature later influenced the 20th-century poets Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot. His novels—including Sixtine (1890; Very Woman), Les Chevaux de Diomède (1897; The Horses of Diomedes), Le Songe d'une femme (1899; The Dream of a Woman), and Un Coeur virginal (1907; A Virgin Heart)—have been criticized because the characters seem at times more intellectual symbols than human beings.