novelist and short-story writer whose innovative prose style, derived from the oral tradition of the sertão (hinterland of Brazil), revitalized Brazilian fiction in the mid-20th century. His portrayal of the conflicts of the Brazilian backlanders in his native state of Minas Gerais reflects the problems of an isolated rural society in adjusting to a modern urban world.

Guimarães Rosa studied medicine at Belo Horizonte and became a physician. His urge to travel, however, soon led him into the Brazilian foreign service, and he became a diplomat in several world capitals, attaining ambassadorial rank in 1963.

With the publication of Sagarana (1946), a collection of short stories set in the sertão, Guimarães Rosa was hailed as a major force in Brazilian literature. The demands of his diplomatic career, however, prevented the appearance of another work until 1956, when Corpo de Baile (“Corps de Ballet”), a collection of seven short novels, was published. His monumental epic novel, Grande Sertão: Veredas (1956; The Devil to Pay in the Backlands), firmly established his international reputation. Turning exclusively to the short story, Guimarães Rosa published several more collections before his death, notably Primeiras Estórias (1962; The Third Bank of the River).