Russian cavalry officer and last chief of the General Staff of tsarist Russia (October 1916–February 1917) and Russian commander in chief from March to June 1917.

The son of Field Marshal Iosif Vladimirovich Gurko, Gurko graduated from the General Staff Academy and served as an adviser to the Boer army in South Africa (1899–1900). He took part in the Russo-Japanese War and, at the time of the February Revolution of 1917, was acting chief of staff to the supreme commander in chief. He then briefly commanded the troops of the western front for the provisional government, but because he did not believe that an offensive should be undertaken by the weakened Russian forces, he came into conflict with A.F. Kerensky (Kerensky, Aleksandr Fyodorovich), the minister of war. Gurko was then reduced to a division commander for his criticism of the administration. He was arrested in July 1917 for corresponding with Tsar Nicholas II and in August 1917 was exiled. He was offered a White (anti-Bolshevik) command in the northwest of Russia in 1919 but refused.