city, Békés megye (county), extreme southeast Hungary, on the Fehér Körös (White Körös) River, near the Romanian frontier. An old settlement, Gyula attained municipal status in the 15th century. It was occupied by the Turks 1566–1694. An agricultural marketing centre for the rich eastern Great Alföld plain (grains, tobacco, and dairy farming), Gyula has food-processing industries and specializes in sausages. Other manufactures include clothing and furniture. Summer theatre programs are performed at the medieval fortress. The local hot-spring spa also attracts tourists. Pop. (2001) 33,041.