city, seat (1848) of Yazoo county, west-central Mississippi, U.S. It lies along the Yazoo River, 47 miles (76 km) northwest of Jackson. Founded as a planned community in 1826, it was later called Manchester; it was renamed for the Yazoo Indians in 1839. Its riverfront was a scene of battle during the American Civil War; the hull of the Union gunboat Baron DeKalb, sunk by Confederate forces, is still visible at low water. Yazoo City was almost completely destroyed by fire in 1904 and was afterward rebuilt. Levees were built after a severe flood in 1927. The state's first oil field was discovered nearby in 1939.

Yazoo City is an agricultural-trade centre (timber and cotton), and catfish farming is also important. A federal prison built in the 1990s contributes greatly to the economy, and the city's manufactures include fertilizer, chemicals, and textiles. Delta National Forest and Panther Swamp National Wildlife Refuge are a few miles west; Hillside National Wildlife Refuge is northeast. Casey Jones Museum State Park, honouring the fabled railroad engineer, is on the eastern edge of the county in Vaughan. Inc. 1830. Pop. (1990) 12,427; (2000) 14,550.