capital of Zimbabwe, lying in the northeastern part of the country. The city was founded in 1890 at the spot where the British South Africa Company's Pioneer Column halted its march into Mashonaland; it was named for Lord Salisbury, then British prime minister. The name Harare is derived from that of the outcast Chief Neharawe, who, with his people, occupied the kopje (the hill at the foot of which the commercial area grew) at the time the Pioneer Column arrived and seized the land. The city was created a municipality in 1897 and developed after the arrival of the railway (1899) from the port of Beira, Mozambique, becoming a market and mining centre. It was chartered as a city in 1935. Industrialization during and after World War II led to an influx of population. Salisbury was the capital of the colony of Southern Rhodesia, of the short-lived Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–63), and of Rhodesia during the period of the unilateral declaration of independence (1965–79). It was retained as capital by the new government of independent Zimbabwe (1980) and renamed Harare.