city, one of two capitals (with Gorzów Wielkopolski) of Lubuskie województwo (province), west-central Poland. It is an important industrial (textile and metal production) and cultural centre, having for centuries nurtured the theatre arts and a lively folk culture. Beginning with the arrival of Flemish weavers in the 13th century, the city prospered as a textile centre, its economic development reaching its zenith in the 15th century. Thereafter, it was devastated several times by fires and wars, and during World War II about 30 percent of the city was damaged by the Germans.

Zielona Góra lies in a hollow surrounded by vineyards—which are rare in the region—winding across the hills. The city was the birthplace of the painter Tadeusz Konicz in 1733. Zielona Góra's medieval town hall includes an 18th-century addition (housing a museum) and a 15th-century tower. The Feast of the Grape Harvest celebrates the history of the region as one of Europe's northernmost grape-growing areas. Pop. (2002) 118,293.