Hench received his medical degree from the University of Pittsburgh in 1920 and spent almost his entire career at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. For many years he sought a method of treating the painful and crippling disease of rheumatoid arthritis. Working at the Mayo Clinic, he noticed that during pregnancy and in the presence of jaundice the severe pain of arthritis may decrease and even disappear. This led him to suspect that arthritis is caused by a biochemical disturbance, perhaps one involving glandular hormones, rather than by a bacterial infection. In search of a treatment he and Kendall studied endocrinologic factors in rheumatic diseases. In the mid-1940s Kendall synthesized the steroid hormone cortisone, and in 1948 he and Hench tried the drug on arthritic patients. They showed a remarkable improvement, and cortisone became a key drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Cortisone and similar steroids are still useful in treating a number of diseases, but the claims that greeted their early employment were excessive.