German theologian who defended Lutheran orthodoxy against the rationalism pervading the Protestant churches and particularly the theological faculties of his day.

Hengstenberg studied at Bonn and at Berlin, where he was professor of theology most of his life. In 1827 he founded the Evangelische Kirchen-Zeitung (“Protestant Church Newspaper”), which he edited for more than 40 years. This journal campaigned against the “unbelief” and indifference of the state churches, extolled the Lutheran doctrine as defined during the Reformation, and served as a rallying point for conservatism, both theological and political.

He defended orthodoxy also by his many biblical commentaries, chiefly on the Old Testament, and by his Christologie des Alten Testaments, 3 vol. (1829–35; “Christology of the Old Testament”). These works opposed the growing reliance upon historical-critical interpretation and followed the traditional method of reading the Old Testament as a Christian book filled with prophecies of the Messiah fulfilled by the coming of Christ. Hengstenberg's influence was extended to Great Britain and the United States through his books, most of which were translated into English during his lifetime.