acclaimed American actor known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable types. Short in stature and not typically handsome, he helped to usher in a new Hollywood tradition of average-looking but emotionally explosive leading men.

Hoffman began acting at age 19 after dropping out of music studies at California's Santa Monica City College. He then moved to New York City, where he struggled for several years in odd jobs and eventually landed small parts on television and leading roles Off-Broadway, where he won an Obie Award.

In John Schlesinger (Schlesinger, John)'s Midnight Cowboy, which won an Academy Award for best picture of 1969, Hoffman played “Ratso” Rizzo, a tubercular homeless man who develops a friendship with an unsuccessful male prostitute (played by Jon Voight). Grim and downbeat in its depiction of a heartless New York City, the film was another unlikely success for Hoffman.

Two returns to the stage proved great triumphs for Hoffman in the 1980s. First was his much-lauded performance as Willy Loman in the 1984 Broadway revival of Arthur Miller (Miller, Arthur)'s Death of a Salesman, which was adapted for television the following year by CBS and earned Hoffman an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. Always determined to select a challenging variety of roles, he next appeared on stage in London as Shylock in Sir Peter Hall (Hall, Sir Peter)'s production of The Merchant of Venice (1989). For his film work, Hoffman closed out the decade with another best actor Oscar for his convincing depiction of a middle-aged autistic savant in Rain Man (1988). Not unlike Hoffman's earlier roles, Rain Man's Raymond Babbitt is a difficult character to embrace because of his emotionless nature, but the actor elicits just the right amount of sympathy from an audience.

After a disappointing series of big-budget Hollywood projects such as Hook (1991), Billy Bathgate (1991), Hero (1992), Outbreak (1995), and Sphere (1998), the actor returned to form as a sleazy, fame-hungry Hollywood producer who coconspires to fool the entire world into believing that the United States is at war with Albania in Wag the Dog (1997), a biting political satire that gave Hoffman his seventh Academy Award nomination. He later portrayed the grand inquisitor in the French production of Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999), and in 2003 he appeared in the courtroom thriller Runaway Jury. In 2004 he starred opposite Lily Tomlin in I Heart Huckabees, a comedy about a husband-and-wife detective team that helps clients solve their existential problems, and with Robert De Niro (De Niro, Robert) in Meet the Fockers. Hoffman's later films include Stranger Than Fiction (2006) and the children's fantasy Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium (2007). In 2008 he lent his voice to the computer-animated films Kung Fu Panda and The Tale of Despereaux. That same year Hoffman and Stranger Than Fiction costar Emma Thompson (Thompson, Emma) played lonely strangers who fall in love in Last Chance Harvey.