the first modern European to make the dangerous crossing of the northeastern Sahara. His journal, later published, contained a substantial amount of information on the then-unknown terrain and inhabitants of the central Sudan (Sudan, The).

In London (1796) he offered to serve as an explorer for the African Association. Disguised as a Muslim, on Sept. 5, 1798, at Cairo, he joined a caravan returning from Mecca and bound for the Maghrib (northwestern Africa). He traveled by way of the Siwa Oasis, Egypt, and Temissa, Fezzan, and reached Marzūq (now in Libya) on Nov. 17, 1798. There he remained until June 1799, when he went to Tripoli (now in Libya) to send his journals to London. He returned to Marzūq with the intention of traveling southward to the country of the Hausa people, now chiefly within Nigeria. Nothing more was heard of him until a report reached Marzūq in 1819 that, after traveling with a caravan to Bornu, he had reached the Nupe kingdom and had died at the town of Bokane in February 1801. An English translation of his journal, The Journal of Frederich Hornemann's Travels from Cairo to Mourzouck, appeared in 1802.