soft-paste porcelain, rather heavy and opaque, produced between 1756 and 1800 in various factories of Liverpool, Eng., largely for export to America and the West Indies. The earliest factory was Richard Chaffers and Co., whose steatitic, or soaprock, porcelain, produced from 1756, resembles Worcester porcelain. Most of the plates made by the factory are octagonal, and some tea and coffee sets are six-sided. Liverpool porcelain was also produced by Philip Christian (1765–76), who took over the factory when Chaffers died in 1765. “Biting snake” handles, palm columns, and leaf-molded teapots are characteristic of this porcelain. Also attributed to Pennington is a “sticky” blue, so called because a very shiny glaze makes the particularly bright cobalt-blue enamel appear freshly painted.